
“The Cold Start Problem” by Andrew Chen: A Startup Founder’s Action Guide
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Introduction
Andrew Chen’s “The Cold Start Problem” is a masterclass in understanding and overcoming the challenges of launching network-effect businesses. While many reviews focus on the book’s case studies, we’re going to dig deeper into the actionable strategies that new startup founders can apply immediately.
The Cold Start Problem Decoded
At its core, the Cold Start Problem is about the chicken-and-egg dilemma faced by networks and marketplaces: You need users to create value, but you need value to attract users. Chen breaks this down into five stages:
- The Cold Start
- Tipping Point
- Escape Velocity
- The Ceiling
- The Moat
Let’s focus on the first three stages, as they’re most relevant to new founders.
Stage 1: The Cold Start – Getting Your First Users
Strategy | Description | Action Item |
---|---|---|
Atomic Network | Find the smallest viable network that still provides value | List 5 potential “atomic networks” for your product |
Solve a Hair-on-Fire Problem | Identify an urgent, must-solve issue for your target users | Interview 10 potential users to uncover their most pressing problems |
Manual Recruitment | Personally onboard your first users | Create a “First 100 Users” outreach plan |
The Hard Side Strategy | Focus on acquiring the harder-to-get side of your marketplace first | Identify which side of your marketplace is harder to acquire and brainstorm 3 acquisition strategies |
Workbook: Defining Your Atomic Network
- What’s the smallest group of users that can derive value from your product?
- How many users are needed for a meaningful interaction?
- What specific problem does this atomic network solve?
- How can you manually curate this initial group?
- What’s your plan to onboard and retain these first users?
Stage 2: The Tipping Point – Accelerating Growth
Strategy | Description | Action Item |
---|---|---|
The Magic Moment | Identify the key experience that hooks users | Define your product’s “Aha!” moment and how to get users there faster |
Viral Hooks | Design features that naturally encourage sharing | List 3 potential viral hooks in your product |
Incentivized Invites | Create a referral program that benefits both sides | Design a two-sided referral program for your product |
Power Users | Identify and nurture your most engaged users | Create a “Power User Cultivation” plan |
Diagram: The Viral Loop

Workbook: Crafting Your Viral Strategy
- What’s your product’s “Magic Moment”?
- How can you accelerate users to this moment?
- What natural sharing opportunities exist in your product?
- How can you incentivize sharing without compromising user experience?
- Who are your power users, and how can you empower them?
Stage 3: Escape Velocity – Sustaining Growth
Strategy | Description | Action Item |
---|---|---|
Layering Networks | Expand to adjacent networks or use cases | Identify 3 potential network expansions for your product |
Paid Marketing | Use paid channels to supplement organic growth | Create a basic paid acquisition strategy with target CAC |
Counterposition | Define your unique value against incumbents | Complete a positioning statement against your main competitor |
The Trio of Forces | Balance acquisition, engagement, and economics | Create a dashboard to track key metrics for each force |
Diagram: The Trio of Forces

Workbook: Planning for Escape Velocity
- What adjacent networks could you expand into?
- How might paid acquisition complement your organic growth?
- Complete this statement: “Unlike [Competitor], we [Unique Value Proposition].”
- What are your key metrics for acquisition, engagement, and economics?
- How will you balance these three forces as you scale?
The Smarketer’s Take: Beyond the Book
While Chen’s book is a goldmine of network-effect wisdom, here are some additional insights for founders:
- Data-Driven Cold Start: Use data to identify your ideal atomic network. Tools like Facebook Audience Insights or Google Trends can uncover niche communities.
- Community-Led Growth: Consider building a community alongside your product. Platforms like Discord or Circle can foster engagement and provide valuable feedback.
- No-Code MVP: Use no-code tools to quickly test your network concept before building a full product. This can help validate your atomic network hypothesis.
- Influencer Micro-Networks: Partner with micro-influencers who have highly engaged, niche followings. They can jumpstart your atomic networks.
- AI-Enhanced Personalization: Use AI to create personalized onboarding experiences, accelerating users to their “Magic Moment.”
Remember, the Cold Start Problem isn’t just about launch – it’s an ongoing challenge as you expand into new markets or features. Keep these strategies in your growth toolkit and revisit them regularly.
By applying these lessons and working through the action items, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle the Cold Start Problem and build a thriving network-effect business. Now go out there and create some network magic!